Vanadium (V)
HIGH RISKOverview
A transition metal primarily used to strengthen steel alloys and increasingly important for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) technologies. Vanadium improves hardness, durability, and thermal performance in defense materials while enabling long-duration stationary energy storage systems.
Risk score
81/100 — supply chain threat level: High
Primary use cases
Steel Hardening, Grid-Scale Batteries, Aerospace Alloys, Nuclear Reactors